The Effect of Online Learning on Student Achievement in Elementary Schools in Indonesia

Abstract

The integration of online learning into the educational landscape has reshaped the way elementary school students in Indonesia access and engage with educational content. This study sought to investigate the effect of online learning on student achievement in Indonesian elementary schools through a quantitative analysis. A sample of 500 students from diverse regions in Indonesia was examined, with data collected on student achievement, online learning habits, access to digital devices, and the quality of online learning materials. The results revealed positive relationships between time spent on online learning and both grade point averages (GPA) and standardized test scores. Access to digital devices was significantly associated with higher academic performance. Moreover, the perceived quality of online learning materials was positively correlated with student achievement. These findings underline the potential of online learning as an effective educational tool, provided that students have equitable access to technology and high-quality resources. The implications of this research extend to educators, policymakers, and parents, highlighting the importance of investing in online learning resources, bridging the digital divide, and supporting students in their online learning endeavors.